Muscle
There are three types of muscle: smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle. Smooth and cardiac muscle is self-powered internal organs of the body inside and blood vessels.
Skeletal muscle is called on to what we are daily called muscle and cooking – meat. These muscles are striated and are subject to the will. They are characterized by a feature quickly shrink and get tired quickly. These muscles of the body may look different.
Skeletal muscle consists of a variable number of muscle cells. Muscle at both ends is fitted with one or more tendons. A single muscle or muscle fibers are only a few hundredth millimeter thick, but can be healthy decimeter long.
Muscle fibers are collected together in bundles, which on all sides surrounded by connective tissue, tendons that move. Muscle is supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
Muscle in the red color depends on the red dye – hemoglobin, which is located in the fibers and is related to blood red – hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the ability to attract oxygen, it can even be easily isolated muscle cells of oxygen. The more muscle contains myoglobin, since it has more oxygen to be released. As you work can increase the amount of muscle hemoglobin, which in turn improves physical performance capacity.
Muscle fibers
Our muscles are two types of muscle fibers are mixed together, the slow and fast fibers, which are partly mechanical and physiological properties. Slow fibers distinguished by its finely-branched capillary network and a relatively large combustion capacity, which makes them durable. Fast fibers can be identified by their ability to develop much more force than is able to slow fibers. Also, its maximum tension, they – as compared with slow fibers – achieved much faster. Fast fibers are also called white fibers, while slow is called red fibers.
Slow and fast filament distribution is unique and appears to be dependent on the hereditary genes. It follows that people who are born with plenty of slow fibers, already at a young age are prone to cardiovascular disciplines, and they’re in is making progress.
For most elite athletes, active in the cardiovascular disciplines, skeletal muscle is largely composed of slow fibers. By contrast, short-distance runners have a high percentage of fast fibers, which is a prerequisite for good results of the 100, 200 and 400 meters. With the workouts can be more fibers adaptation affect either the strength or the explosion a half.
Motor UNITS
To our movements to be coordinated, it is necessary for control of loco motor centers in the brain that, together with nerve, nerve fibers and muscle fibers form the so-called motor units. Brain through the nervous system continuously receives information from various sense organs in muscles, joints, skin, eyes and ears. This information becomes the impetus of hosting the movements of the body. Impulses are sent through one or more of the loco motor units, which connects the brain to the muscle.
When you first meet a whole new movement, then often come to execute it ineptly. Movements during the performance it is necessary to also engage your mind. Continuously practicing, the movement becomes a co-ordinates, that is, between the employed muscles or antagonists improves interplay. Working impulses into muscles (synergistic) that causes the movement, and equally restrictive impulses into muscles (antagonists) that act against the movement. The coordinated motion are used to the movement of most muscles, and movement is the proper use of force and the right speed. The motion coaching makes the movement more secure, and the purely intentional movement it turns on the move with more reflective nature. Is no longer necessary IMPLIED at each individual movement. Most of our activities, such as jogging, cycling, dancing, at the beginning there have been deliberate, but practicing it evolved acquired reflex.
Muscular strength
Muscle strength can be defined as the maximum force that a muscle can be achieved at once.
Muscle forces are determined by the following factors:
- Thickness and number of muscle fibers. The larger the muscle cross section (thickness), the greater the force the muscle can develop.
- Muscle length. Longer muscle creates more tension in the stretched position than a short muscle.
- Interplay between nerves and muscles. Untrained person usually can not use their muscles in full. The force can be increased by increasing the number of motor units. With training can improve the interplay between nerves and muscles, and this is called a coordination training.
Muscle strength or the ability to make long-term work to some extent depends on the thickness and number of muscle fibers. However, the muscle blood supply is a key role. Sustained efforts are possible only when the muscle receives enough blood. It presupposes a dynamic work, it is the movement of voluntary muscles shrink here relax. During dynamic work, muscular parts of the circulatory system acts as a pump. Muscle relaxation phase of muscle fills with blood and receiving oxygen and fuel. Muscle contraction, again, blood is forced out through the waste material – carbon dioxide, and possibly also lactic acid – are discharged outdoors.
ENERGY creative process
Muscle work, like any other job, creates energy. Mechanical power, which develops muscle contraction, is derived from the same muscle chemical energy reserves. This reserve consists of food carbohydrates, the digestive process, is cleaved and becomes a kind of starch that is stored in muscle as glycogen. The remainder of this glycogen is always divided on the ATP, which acts as a startup fuel and sufficient for a few seconds. Thereafter, the muscle produces energy in principle in two ways – depending on whether it is available oxygen or not.